Optical Coherence Tomography as a Tool for Detecting Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Defects in Glaucoma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63666/ejsmr.1694-9013.3.I.2025.69Keywords:
Optical Coherence Tomography, Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer, Glaucoma, Intraocular Pressure, Cup-to-Disc Ratio, Optic NeuropathyAbstract
Introduction: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has emerged as a valuable tool in glaucoma diagnosis, particularly for assessing retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness changes. It enables precise evaluation of glaucomatous optic neuropathy and provides critical insights into the association between RNFL thickness and disease progression. Additionally, OCT supports diagnosis, assessment, prediction, and research in glaucoma.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved patients diagnosed with glaucoma. OCT scans were performed to measure RNFL thickness, and data on demographics, intraocular pressure (IOP), and cup-to-disc (CD) ratio were collected via questionnaires. The aim was to identify correlations between RNFL defects and clinical parameters.
Results: Glaucoma patients exhibited significantly thinner RNFL compared to healthy controls. A notable correlation was observed between elevated IOP and the severity of RNFL defects. These findings underscore OCT's efficacy in enhancing glaucoma diagnosis and facilitating early intervention. The study was conducted at an eye surgery clinic using the NIDEK RS 3000 OCT device for RNFL analysis. Measurements across four quadrants (superior, inferior, nasal, temporal) were obtained from 45 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. RNFL thickness changes were detected in 39 patients (86.7%), with marked thinning in the nasal quadrant (80%), temporal quadrant (66.7%), superior quadrant (71.1%), and inferior quadrant (60%).
Conclusion: OCT serves as an effective indicator for detecting RNFL defects in glaucoma patients. This study highlights its clinical utility for early detection and intervention, aiding in vision preservation for at-risk individuals.
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