KYRGYZ AS THE ANCIENT METALLURGISTS OF ALTAI

Abstract

This thesis considers the Altai region as one of the principal centers where the ancient mining tradition and metallurgical culture of the Kyrgyz people took shape. Based on archaeological, written, and historical-ethnographic sources, it analyzes the exploitation of polymetallic ore deposits, the development of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, the advancement of ironworking, as well as the traditions of producing weapons, horse equipment, and household tools. Particular attention is paid to the high level of Kyrgyz craftsmanship in smelting and processing iron and in manufacturing high-quality metal objects. In addition, the thesis characterizes the significance of metal products in the internal economy of the Kyrgyz, their military use, and their role in interregional trade and exchange. As a result, the ancient metallurgical traditions of the Altai are assessed as an important component of the material culture, economic development, and historical heritage of the Kyrgyz people.